From: Lucian Mogosanu Date: Mon, 2 Jan 2017 21:54:00 +0000 (+0200) Subject: posts: 054, 055 X-Git-Tag: v0.9~2 X-Git-Url: https://git.mogosanu.ro/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=5d5fbeca8ec523dadd7b09061fa4659249ba6ca1;p=thetarpit.git posts: 054, 055 --- diff --git a/posts/y03/054-desteapta-te-romane.markdown b/posts/y03/054-desteapta-te-romane.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..4332b0e --- /dev/null +++ b/posts/y03/054-desteapta-te-romane.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,256 @@ +--- +postid: '054' +title: Deșteaptă-te, române! +excerpt: The dissection of a national anthem +date: November 26, 2016 +author: Lucian Mogoșanu +tags: asphalt +--- + +Nationalism, especially of the [utterly retarded][dumb-nationalism] +type, is a dying faith[^1]. It may have been born out of legitimate +causes and may even have addressed some legitimate issues at its time, +but as much as it may upset some historians, the fact is that it was +only a fad. However, unlike the typical fad that lasts a generation or +two at most, this one somehow managed to seemingly outlive its fad +status by remaining in the collective memory for almost two +centuries. One may hypothesize that most of its existence was due to +pure inertia, but truth be told, we don't know; nationalism seems alive +for now, but it smells funny. + +Given this rather bleak context, Romania's National-fad Liberal-fad +Party-fad[^2] entered this summer's race for local elections with a +rather shitty paraphrase of the country's national anthem as a +slogan. This, plus the fact that Romanian parliamentary elections are +nigh and that Romania's national day is even nearer, gives us the +opportunity to (re)read, (re)analyze and give a hopefully accurate[^3] +translation of said anthem for those who don't understand the +language. So without further ado, let us proceed: + +> *Awaken thee[^4], O Romanian, from that slumber of death,* +> (Deșteaptă-te, române, din somnul cel de moarte,) +> *Into which have buried you the barbaric tyrants* +> (În care te-adânciră barbarii de tirani) +> *Now or never make for thyself[^5] another fate,* +> (Acum ori niciodată croiește-ți altă soarte,) +> *To which shall bow even your cruel foes.* +> (La care să se-nchine și cruzii tăi dușmani.) +> +> *Now or never let us give proof to the world[^6]* +> (Acum ori niciodată să dăm dovezi la lume) +> *That through these hands still courses a Roman[^7] blood,* +> (Că-n aste mâini mai curge un sânge de roman,) +> *And that in our chests we preserve with pride a name* +> (Și că-n a noastre piepturi păstrăm cu fală-un nume) +> *Triumphant in battles, a name of Trajan[^8].* +> (Triumfător în lupte, un nume de Traian.) +> +> *Behold, great shadows[^9], Mihai[^10], Ștefan[^11], Corvinus[^12],* +> (Priviți, mărețe umbre, Mihai, Ștefan, Corvine,) +> *The Romanian nation, your great-grandchildren[^13],* +> (Româna națiune, ai voștri strănepoți,) +> *With their arms armed[^14], with your fire in their veins,* +> (Cu brațele armate, cu focul vostru-n vine,) +> *"Life in freedom or death"[^15] all shout.* +> ("Viața-n libertate ori moarte" strigă toți.) +> +> *Priests, lead with your crosses for the host is Christian[^16],* +> (Preoți, cu crucea-n frunte căci oastea e creștină,) +> *The slogan is liberty and its purpose all-holy.* +> (Deviza-i libertate și scopul ei preasfânt.) +> *We better die in battle, in wholesome glory,* +> (Murim mai bine-n luptă, cu glorie deplină,) +> *Than being slaves again upon our ancient land.* +> (Decât să fim sclavi iarăși în vechiul nost' pământ.) + +I skipped a few verses, but that's mostly it. Now, let's state a few +simple facts about 2016's Romania in relation to Andrei Mureșanu's poem. + +One. Romanian speakers in Maramureș are very different people from the +ones in Olt; not necessarily ethnically and not necessarily in the +language they speak, but in the way they freely govern themselves. + +Two. Urban Romania, especially the one from Bucharest, and rural Romania +are essentially two different countries. We leave aside details such as +the fact that a big part of the so-called cities are in fact villages in +disguise[^17], we lean on the fact that city dwellers are increasingly +alienated from villagers. + +Three. A significant part of Romanians are functionally illiterate (and +numbers are growing, I might add), and quite a few of them are +completely illiterate (and probably growing). The National Liberal +Party, like any other party in Romania, is currently unable to handle +this issue. + +Four. These aspects considered, a fall back to an agrarian society might +not be such a bad outcome. Sadly, an evolution to a post-Romanian +society might be inevitable. + +So if there was an awakening, I must have missed it. + +[^1]: While some of the alarmist media outlets would have you believe + the exact opposite, you'll be wondering yourself: how come + nationalism is dying? + + Well, there was a time when people used to learn the principles upon + which their nation was built. Knowing their national anthem wasn't + an option, uttering it daily was quite a common thing, while + studying the struggle of the people who founded the nation was an + obligatory step towards education -- that is, + [being human][humanity]. + + Well, no more! Nowadays' kids are entitled, they are empowered, they + are the future. They have rights, they have smartphones, so who the + fuck is supposed to educate them anymore. + + In other words, the cultural fundament of nation-states is eroding, + and with immigrants coming to a city near you it's eroding *fast*; + and one day it's going to crack; not today, not tomorrow, maybe not + even the day after that, but *one day* it will, and you might be + unlucky enough to live to be part of the show; and if not, then your + children will be. And no so-called nationalist party will be able to + stop that. + +[^2]: National-fad because, as we mentioned, the dumb nationalism + promoted by the so-called party is a fad. Looking at Romanians' + trust in politicians, we can firmly state that 2016's older (born + and raised communist) people are disappointed, while a large portion + of the 25-something-to-35 citizens are highly skeptical that + anything good can come out of "Romania". For all we know and care, + the regions inside the Carpathian arc would after all these decades + be better off separated from the pile of shit that is Bucharest's + central "leadership". + + Liberal-fad because [liberalism][liberalism-conservatism] is going + through its own death for one, and on the other hand because today's + Romanian liberalism has nothing to do with (the now traditional, go + figure!) pre and interbellum liberalism. + + Party-fad because Romania has started* the trend that's now followed + by the entire Western "politics", namely that of utter idiocracy. + + \-\-\- + \* Or has it, now? at least the Western politics of the late '80s + seemed more or less sane looking from this part of the world, + although I'd guess they only seemed that way. From many points of + view that's when it also started going into a rot, given that this + is when the sexually liberated pot consumers of the '60s were + starting to gain power. + +[^3]: Semantically rather than poetically. For the record, this is a + very good exercise in understanding both languages. Who knows, I may + even revisit it from time to time to remake it and/or polish it. + +[^4]: The awakening mentioned in the text is supposed to evoke the image + of opening eyes. So the persona is impelling the reader to take a + good look around them and in the mirror, and to *realize* what's + going on. + + While I admit that it's a very good nationalist message, this is + also quite ironically what Romanians haven't been doing for the + last, oh, half a century or more. Is it because the anthem's song + sounds so fuckin' depressing? I have no idea. + +[^5]: Literally "tailor for thyself", which has the connotation of + taking one's destiny into their own hands. + + This is entirely different from *choosing* another fate for + oneself, which is how we figure out that the so-called NLP's slogan + is only targeted at mediocre sheeple. + +[^6]: Romanian speakers of those times were as far as I can tell eager + to show the world their to-be nationality, more so that the + Transylvania that was then part of the decaying Austrian Empire + harbored establishment-hating "revolutionaries" such as the poem's + author. + + Or maybe not so much establishment-hating as desperately in need to + be recognized. I guess history is pretty vague here? + +[^7]: Romanian speakers of those times were also keen to emphasize that + the so-called Romanians are rightful descendants of Rome ("De la Rîm + ne tragem"), despite the fact that there was no real mention of + "Romania" before then. + + Although they did make a very valid point stating the fact that the + language's preservation, or at least its grammar's preservation -- + including in Transylvania -- is somewhat mysterious. Genetically + speaking Romanians aren't Romans more than they are Slavs or Cumans + or Pechenegs, not unlike other peoples in the geographical + area. Even so, the Latin spoken in said area was and is *the* vulgar + Latin, closely related to Sardinian and to some degree with Romansh. + +[^8]: Y'know, the guy who brought back home to Rome a darn good amount + of his times' [bitcoins][bitcoin] after kicking Decebalus' ass. + +[^9]: I.e. ghosts of the past, inextricably tied to the nation's present + state of affairs, etc. + +[^10]: Michael the Brave, first leader to rule Wallachia, Moldavia and + Ardeal simultaneously, for a very brief while before his murder. + +[^11]: Stephen the Great, longest-living ruler of a Romanian + Principality, namely Moldavia. Historical anecdotes say he was + actually a small fellow who founded a lot of churches, killed a + shitload of Ottomans and fucked at least as many women. Historical + jokes say most of the people from the historical region* are + descendants of Stephen. + + \-\-\- + \* Including my mother's side of the family tree, for the record. + +[^12]: Hunyadi Mátyás, also known as Matthias Corvinus, one of the + greatest kings of Hungary, plus a couple of other joints. He had bit + of a love-hate relationship with rulers from the Romanian + Principalities, but most importantly, he beat the shit out of + Ottoman armies on several occasions. + + Generally speaking though, the Hunyadis had quite an impact on + Transylvania. + +[^13]: Here the author either makes an enumeration of the two entities, + i.e. the abstract entity named "the Romanian nation" and the + entirety of its people, or he downright confuses the two. I can't + tell. + +[^14]: Clearly "with their arms weaponized" doesn't work too well in + terms of poetry and it's not too precise in terms of meaning, while + "with weapons in their arms" puts emphasis on the weapons rather + than the people. So "arms armed" it is, no matter how funny and + pleonastic it sounds. + +[^15]: Awww, you thought Mel Gibson was the first to say that? How cute! + +[^16]: The author seems to be deliberately vague here. On one hand he + mentions the noble goal of fighting for freedom*, on the other he + puts priests, who are supposed to be peaceful and all, in the first + line. + + This means two things. The first, priests aren't exactly all that + peaceful, since it's a tradition for Romanian soldiers to be blessed + by priests, e.g. when they're going to fight abroad; in fact the + church and the army were for a long while the two most trusted + institutions in Romania. The second, the Romanian army rarely (if + ever) fought to conquer, it almost always fought either in defense + or as subordinate to higher powers. + + This is all accurate up to the present moment. You might think + Tolkien was original and all, until you find out that Gandalf's + famous Balrog phrase was (anecdotally) uttered by Romanian soldiers + during the WWI Battle of Mărășești... only in that broken Latin we + previously mentioned. + + \-\-\- + \* Yes, the very same noble goal those Middle-Eastern guys + have... from their point of view, at least. + +[^17]: Because, oh heck, I have to say it. Because socialism, especially + the flavour practiced by Romanians -- not Ceaușescu, not the + Communist Party, but the entire fucking mass of Romanians -- before + December '89 had to work under the pretense that we're scientific, + and developed, and words! + +[humanity]: /posts/y01/032-your-worth-to-humanity.html +[dumb-nationalism]: /posts/y00/00b-romania-s-dumb-nationalism.html +[liberalism-conservatism]: /posts/y01/03b-conservatism-liberalism.html +[bitcoin]: /posts/y00/01f-bitcoin-as-infrastructure-i.html#fn2 diff --git a/posts/y03/055-on-education.markdown b/posts/y03/055-on-education.markdown new file mode 100644 index 0000000..62ae46b --- /dev/null +++ b/posts/y03/055-on-education.markdown @@ -0,0 +1,284 @@ +--- +postid: '055' +title: Let's find out why most educational institutions yield graduates that make dumb (or otherwise unknowledgeable) people +excerpt: A companion piece to Grade Inflation and La ce imi serveste mie radicalurile? +date: January 3, 2017 +author: Lucian Mogoșanu +tags: cogitatio +--- + +The (now-)traditional Romanian educational system can be traced back to +communist roots, where course matters in humanities consisted mostly of +useless Marxist shit dictated by the [Well-Doer][we], while the rather +difficult matter in sciences was dictated by Party politics in order to +raise scientists and engineers to compete with the guys in the West -- +the ones who made the latest and greatest stuff and went into space and +all that. The result of this failed attempt at "progressive" +philo-socio-politics[^1] was the dumb political class of the '90s, +followed by the even dumber political class of the late 2000s and +2010s. But at least Romanians continue to have generations upon +generations of math olympics winners, at least until the few remaining +competent teachers die, like everything and everyone eventually does. + +This phenomenon is not limited to Eastern Europe nor to a particular +level of scholarship, as demonstrated by the vast amounts of +bleeding-edge [academic hogwash][academic-hogwash] published throughout +the Western world. Moreover the subject is amply discussed in The Last +Psychiatrist's [Grade Inflation][grade-inflation]. "The system" has +failed because it forces little monkeys -- either through social +pressure or directly through the state's own machinery -- to waste their +time going through the we don't need no education system, getting those +As and ending up being awarded with a piece of paper that doesn't matter +anyway. And as Ballas points out, it's not the monkeys' fault: + +> Which brings me to the main point, the other cause of grade inflation +> that no one ever talks about: in order for a grade to be inflated, a +> professor has to inflate it. In other words, grade inflation isn't the +> student's fault, it is the professor's fault. A kid can complain and +> whine/wine all he wants, but unless that professor buckles, there's no +> grade inflation. So the starting point has to be: why does a professor +> inflate a grade? +> +> Yikes. Now that shudder you're feeling is not only why you never +> thought it, but how it is possible no one else ever brought it up? +> The answer is: every discussion about grade inflation has been +> dominated by educators. +> +> The "college is a scam" train is one on which I'm all aboard, but that +> doesn't mean each individual professor has to be scamming students; +> there's no reason why he can't do a good job and teach his students +> something that they aren't going to get simply by reading the text. If +> a student can skip class and still ace the class, the kid is either +> very bright or the professor is utterly useless. Right? Either way, +> the kid's wasting his money. +> +> And I know every generation thinks the one coming up after it is +> weaker and stupider, that's normal. But why would a professor who +> thinks college kids are dumb turn around and reward the King Of Beers +> with an A? +> +> The answer is right in the chart and in a book by Allan Bloom that +> most college professors have read about. When that professor who was +> 40 in 1986 was back in college in 1966, he was part of a culture that +> believed there are no "wrong answers, only wrong questions", like "you +> really think we should we stop shaving?" or "should we listen to +> something other than CCR?" And meanwhile the rate of As doubled. So +> now you have to put up your money: if you believe that grade inflation +> *at that time* masks/causes a real shallowness of intellect and +> education, then those students, now professors, simply aren't as smart +> as they think they are. Unless you also believe that bad 60s music and +> even worse pot somehow augmented their intellect. + +So grade inflation is all "teachers' fault", and it's an important +factor contributing to "the system"'s degradation. There is however +another factor, that uncoincidentally is also "teachers' fault" at least +up to some degree, that is at least as important, namely those damned +curricula™. + +

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+ +Curricula have been the center of public debates on education in Romania +for a few decades now. I remember being in gymnasium and hearing people +whining that "kids nowadays aren't being taught practical stuff" and +"why do they have to study integrals, *they don't use them for nuthin' +anyway*"[^2]. It seemed like a big deal for Romanian idiots at the +time[^3], but what they didn't know was that the new "progressive" +politics imported from the West was no different from the old +"progressive" bullshit. Not only engineers had to be made, but they had +to be made faster. + +An example of this curricula quackery -- but merely an example, for +worry not, the same quackery is nowadays abundant throughout the Western +world -- is what Europeans have called the Bologna Process. In Romania +this called for a shorter undergraduate academic cycle and faster +integration of to-be graduates in the industry, which led to faster +specialization, which is what everyone wanted anyway; "IT companies" +want more engineers while kids out of high-school wanna become +programmers-with-a-diploma[^4]. Meanwhile, square roots are considered +useless by the average high schooler, which is how Popescu came to write +his [La ce imi serveste mie radicalurile ?][radicalurili][^5]: + +> Cam cel mai abundent loc comun in discutia publica romaneasca, imediat +> dupa prostia cu "vinde si muta-te la tara", e prostia din titlu. +> +> Cite un nauc nedemn, in sensul cel mai propriu, de-a fi absolvit +> examenul de maturitate (cel putin daca-l dadea cu mine) simte nevoia +> sa exprime ideile lui reformist-luminate asupra educatiei : problema +> cu scoala (in Alejd, in Prahova, in Romania si la rigoare pe Planeta +> si in Cosmos) este ca nu se studiaza ce trebuie. Se studiaza ce nu +> trebuie. Nu se studiaza chestii practice, dom'le, chestii care saț fie +> de folos in viata. La ce imi serveste mie radicalurile ?! +> +> [...] +> +> Pina una alta, fiecare chestie pe care-o inveti iti serveste la aia +> c-ai invatat-o. Serviciu mai mare nu-ti poate face, daca ajungi sa +> recunosti c-ai aplicat-o in fapt intr-o circumstanta anumita sau nu +> foarte putin conteaza : ceea ce inveti te modeleaza, si atita timp cit +> nu inveti timpenii, chestii inexistente, ca de exemplu "cum sa crezi +> in Dumnezeu" sau "cum sa-ti faci prieteni" sau "cum sa scrii articole +> mai bune in cinci pasi simpli" sau "stiintele educatiei" sau "studii +> feministe" etc scl, atita timp cit nu te indobitocesti cu ideologii, +> ci inveti, stiinte, nu ai cum sa pagubesti. Si nici nu conteaza pe ce +> pista alergi, atita timp cit alergi, nu conteaza in care sectiune a +> bibliotecii sezi, atita timp cit citesti. + +And because Romanian Computer Science students generally find control +theory to be a difficult subject, and because they mistake difficulty +for uselessness, I wrote a slightly controversed piece +[on the old blog][aplicabilitatea-practica] which has the same ring to +it. I'll note that I am probably one of the very few young people who +even bother considering the more conservative point of view of with +respect to this issue, while we've established a few paragraphs above +that the older conservatives are soon going to suffer literal rot +anyway. So what does this leave me with? + +

⁂

+ +Basically what Popescu is saying is that knowing stuff, preferably stuff +written by people smarter than you on a topic that *may or may not* be +of direct interest to you enables you to think and do things that you +might otherwise be unable to, for example by giving you access to the +more secure, that is, the [less permeable][on-security] aspects of life. + +By contrapositive, what I am stating is that one cannot in general +discuss a particular subject matter without first gnawing at its +fundaments, which is why Latin, control theory and lambda calculi are +not just important, but absolutely necessary for linguists, electrical +engineers and computer science graduates respectively, but more +generally for humans. + +In case you're the CEO of an IT company and you're wondering why your +job candidates are more and more lacking in basic skills, consider the +possibility that it is at least partly your fault. While fungible +employees constitute a tempting proposition, hiring people while they're +still students will eat up their attention and distract them from +understanding the fundamental problems in the very same field as +you. Practical skills are necessary, but they're nothing next to the +power of force, which is the theoretical bullshit that you don't give a +fuck about. If all you want are meșters who cannot think for themselves, +then you're doing a pretty job at that. But also venture to guess the +long-term costs of hiring idiots instead of letting them finish their +studies in order to become less-overspecialized less-idiots. + +You might think for example that studying the philosophical meaning of +computing is useless, since your employees know what a computer is since +we're all using them in our smartwatches and "they don't use them +theoretical thingamajiggs for nuthin' anyway". What you, as TLP's profs +and the profs that taught them, fail to see is that the notion of +computer is in fact rather vague. On one hand we have physical computers +which flip bits that are stored as electrical signals, while on the +other we have mathematical models which are disconnected from the +former, and heavens forbid you try to build a system that tries to break +the laws of physics. + +I've been looking a lot at [operating systems][operating-systems] during +my master's and PhD studies, so I take some time to look at the OS +courses in my department and talk with the people giving the +lectures. "Systems" people are generally very pragmatic, but this +pragmatism is uncoincidentally also why Systems Software Research Is +Irrelevant[^6]. We define operating system processes as abstractions +involving "threads of execution" and "memory", while the notion of +process predates operating systems by a few centuries; computer programs +are running on physical computers, so why not view them as the set of +states that the computer-as-a-physical-system goes through? I guess +computer scientists are too keen on reinventing the universe. + +

⁂

+ +Since we're discussing semantics, let us consider as an example the +meaning of the word "engineer". The word has the same roots as the +French "ingénieur"[^7], i.e. the Latin "ingenium", which describes the +notion of intelligence and, quite obviously, ingenuity. Thus engineers +are expected to be a sort of elites, highly intelligent who build upon +nature to innovate. + +This etymological definition is however quite different from today's +circular definition of an engineer. People who aspired to the profession +of engineer needed to be trained in this sense, so engineering schools +were created, so somehow the initial meaning of engineer was perverted +to "person who graduates an engineering school". + +In other words, the goals and purposes of today's engineering schools +are to form individuals who are graduates of engineering schools. I am +sure that other professions are nowadays being taught only for their own +sake, which is how academia became "a place where papers are published" +and the goal of software was reduced to +[writing more software][software-engineering-ii]. + +Can we thus state that education has become that proverbial snake +swallowing its own tail? + +

⁂

+ +The ouroboros is also a metaphor for fields becoming some sort of +bubbles, more akin to [(post)-religion][post-religion] than to the +earthly trades that we sane humans are used to. While the classical +education used a holistic approach where the human was required to grasp +philosophy as well as mathematics, theology as well as chemistry, +physics as well as music, nowadays' "inter-disciplinary" approaches are +seen as some kind of hocus-pocus. If anything else isn't, it is clear +that overspecialized curricula are ruining "the system" as we know it. + +Consider that many breakthroughs in physics, which in turned spawned +breakthroughs in engineering and brought you the computer in front of +which sits the average Facebookian on his fat ass, these breakthroughs +came about by changes in the underlying mathematics-as-philosophy. You +may laugh at Newton for theorizing that photons are spawned by God or +some other weird theory, but you most probably have troubles +conceptualizing simple particles such as electrons, which are a +fundamental part of the fabric of the universe. + +Consider also that the DNA that is used by agricultors to serve you +food, and not to the next plague of insects, and to keep you from making +malformed babies, was discovered after many decades of studying biology +and chemistry, and that they essentially represent the computer code +which programs you to eat, fuck and learn. + +Consider all of this and much, much more before uttering the +mind-boggingly stupid "they don't use them for nuthin' anyway". You +ain't got much time left [to become human][worth-to-humanity] before you +die, like everything and everyone eventually does. + +[^1]: Because the old partisans educated either by the meanwhile failed + Romanian monarchy or by the Soviets eventually died, like everything + and everyone eventually does. + +[^2]: "They don't use them for nuthin' anyway", a slightly fancier + version of "ain't nobody got time fo' that" and a slightly accurate + paraphrase of "la ce-mi servește mie radicalurili", is going to be + the leitmotif of this essay. I bet you don't know what a leitmotif + is; go bingle it, you fuckin' idiot. + +[^3]: Including yours truly -- but hey, at least I was a *young idiot* + back then, which is sort of an excuse, as people are known to be + dumb by nature and in some cases become humans by means of + nurture beating hard work. Not everyone + survives this particular tar pit. + +[^4]: As opposed to programmers without a diploma, which means more or + less the same thing, only without the diploma. A shitty + (un)professional remains a shitty (un)professional regardless of the + titles given to him by insert random institution here. In other + words, your CS degree is useless, news at eleven. + +[^5]: Translation from broken Latin to retarded Newspeak is left as an + exercise for the reader. + +[^6]: This is the title of a famous talk ([pdf][pike]) given by Rob Pike + quite a while before [Android][android] was a thing. + +[^7]: From which the Romanian "inginer" was also born. + +[we]: /posts/y02/04b-we.html +[academic-hogwash]: /posts/y02/045-academic-hogwash.html +[grade-inflation]: http://thelastpsychiatrist.com/2011/08/grade_inflation.html +[radicalurili]: http://trilema.com/2011/la-ce-imi-serveste-mie-radicalurile/ +[aplicabilitatea-practica]: http://lucian.mogosanu.ro/bricks/facultatea-fa%C8%9Ba-cu-aplicabilitatea-practica/ +[on-security]: /posts/y02/04a-on-security.html +[operating-systems]: /posts/y01/03a-the-linguistic-barrier-of-os-design.html +[pike]: /uploads/2017/01/utah2000.pdf +[android]: /posts/y02/03f-android-the-bad-and-the-ugly.html +[software-engineering-ii]: /posts/y02/049-the-myth-of-software-engineering-ii.html +[post-religion]: /posts/y00/018-on-post-religion.html +[worth-to-humanity]: /posts/y01/032-your-worth-to-humanity.html diff --git a/uploads/2017/01/utah2000.pdf b/uploads/2017/01/utah2000.pdf new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9f4c9fd Binary files /dev/null and b/uploads/2017/01/utah2000.pdf differ